Ingredients

  • 6 1/4 cups (28 oz / 794 g) unbleached all-purpose flour
  • 2 teaspoons (0.5 oz / 14 g) salt, or 1 tablespoon coarse kosher salt
  • 6 tablespoons (3 oz / 85 g) sugar
  • 5 teaspoons (0.55 oz / 15.5 g) instant yeast
  • 2 cups plus 2 tablespoons (17 oz / 482 g) lukewarm whole or low-fat milk (about 95F or 35C)
  • 1/2 cup (4 oz / 113 g) vegetable oil or melted unsalted butter
  • Zest of 1/2 lemon, or 1 tablespoon lemon extract, or 1/2 teaspoon lemon oil (optional)
  • 3 tablespoons (1.5 oz / 43 g) ground cinnamon
  • 3/4 cup (6 oz / 170 g) sugar
  • Melted butter or vegetable oil, for brushing
  • 1 cup (6 oz / 170 g) raisins, or to taste (optional)
  • 1 cup (5 oz / 142 g) chopped walnuts or pecans, or to taste (optional)
  • 4 ounces (113 g) cream cheese
  • 1/4 cup (2 oz / 56.5 g) melted unsalted butter
  • 1 cup (3 oz / 85 g) confectioners sugar, sifted
  • 1 teaspoon (0.25 oz / 7 g) vanilla extract
  • 1/4 teaspoon (0.25 oz / 7 g) lemon or orange extract, or 1 teaspoon (0.25 oz / 7 g) lemon juice or orange liqueur
  • Pinch of salt
  • 4 cups (12 oz / 340 g) confectioners sugar, sifted
  • 2 tablespoons (1.5 oz / 43 g) light corn syrup (optional)
  • 1 teaspoon (0.25 oz / 7 g) vanilla, lemon, or orange extract, or 1 tablespoon (0.75 oz / 21 g) orange juice concentrate (optional)
  • 1/2 to 3/4 cup (4 to 6 ounces / 113 to 170 g) milk or water

Method

  • To make the dough, combine the flour, salt, and sugar in a mixing bowl.
  • Whisk the yeast into the milk until dissolved, then pour the mixture into the dry ingredients, along with the oil and lemon zest.
  • If using a mixer, use the paddle attachment and mix on the lowest speed for 30 seconds to 1 minute.
  • If mixing by hand, use a large spoon and stir for about 1 minute.
  • The dough should form a soft, coarse ball.
  • Switch to the dough hook and mix on medium-low speed, or continue mixing by hand, for 4 minutes, adding flour or milk as needed to create a smooth, soft, slightly sticky ball of dough.
  • Increase the speed to medium and mix for 2 minutes more or continue stirring for about 2 minutes more, until the dough is very soft, supple, and tacky but not sticky.
  • Transfer the dough to a lightly floured work surface and knead for 1 minute, then form it into a ball.
  • Place the dough in a clean, lightly oiled bowl large enough to hold the dough when it doubles in size.
  • Cover the bowl tightly with plastic wrap, and refrigerate overnight or for up to 4 days.
  • Remove the dough from the refrigerator about 3 hours before you plan to bake.
  • Divide the dough in half and form each piece into a ball.
  • Cover each ball with a bowl or plastic wrap and let rest for 20 minutes.
  • On a floured work surface, roll each ball of dough into a 12 by 15-inch rectangle, rolling from the center to the corners and then rolling out to the sides.
  • If the dough starts to resist or shrink back, let it rest for 1 minute, then continue rolling.
  • The dough should be between 1/4 and 1/2 inch thick.
  • Make cinnamon sugar by whisking the cinnamon into the sugar.
  • Brush the surface of the dough with melted butter, then sprinkle the cinnamon sugar over the surface, leaving a 1/4-inch border.
  • Sprinkle the raisins, chopped nuts, or both over the surface if you like, to taste.
  • Roll up the dough like a rug, rolling from the bottom to the top, to form a tight log.
  • Cut the log into 1-inch-thick slices and place them on a sheet pan or two round cake pans lined with parchment paper or a silicone mat, placing the rolls about 1 1/2 inches apart; they should touch each other once they rise.
  • Mist the tops with spray oil and cover loosely with plastic wrap, then let rise at room temperature for about 2 hours, until the dough swells noticeably and the buns begin to expand into each other.
  • About 15 minutes before baking, preheat the oven to 350F (177C).
  • Bake for 10 minutes, then rotate the pan and bake for another 5 to 15 minutes, until the buns are a rich golden brown.
  • Meanwhile, make whichever topping you prefer.
  • Once the buns are glazed, enjoy!
  • Combine the cream cheese, butter, and sugar in a mixing bowl.
  • If using a mixer, use the paddle attachment and mix on the lowest speed for 2 minutes.
  • If mixing by hand, stir vigorously for 2 to 4 minutes.
  • The ingredients should be evenly incorporated and smooth.
  • Add the vanilla, lemon extract, and salt and mix on medium speed, or continue mixing by hand, for about 1 minute, until the ingredients form a smooth paste.
  • Increase the speed to medium-high or stir more vigorously for about 20 seconds to fluff up the glaze.
  • Once the buns have cooled for 5 minutes, use an offset spatula or a table knife to spread on however much glaze youd like.
  • Stored in an airtight container in the refrigerator; any unused glaze will keep for up to 2 weeks.
  • Stir the sugar, corn syrup, and vanilla together.
  • Gradually whisk in the milk, adding just enough to make a thick but creamy glaze about the same thickness as pancake batter, adjusting with more liquid or sugar as needed.
  • The thickness of the glaze is up to you; the stiffer it is, the better it will hold its design; the thinner it is, the more easily it will spread.
  • Ideally, you should be able to drizzle a slow steady stream off the end of a spoon or other utensil to create designs that will firm up when the buns cool.
  • Glaze the buns after theyve cooled for about 5 minutes.